Lozan M\u00fcbadilleri Vakf\u0131 Genel Sekteteri Esat Halil Ergelen, T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan aras\u0131nda imzalanan ve \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7en n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n etkilerinin halen s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e tabi tutulanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ve torunlar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 30 Ocak 1923’te imzalanan Lozan M\u00fcbadele Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Yunanistan’daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk ile T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan Hristiyan n\u00fcfus, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu anla\u015fmayla do\u011fduklar\u0131 topraklardan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden m\u00fcbadillerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131, o d\u00f6nem ya\u015fananlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 ve geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131yla an\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Lozan M\u00fcbadilleri Vakf\u0131 Genel Sekreteri Esat Halil Ergelen, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulu\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan m\u00fcbadele s\u00fcrecini, AA muhabirine de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle bu s\u00fcreci haz\u0131rlayan unsurlara bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Ergelen, Yunanistan’\u0131n Anadolu’yu i\u015fgali ve T\u00fcrk ordusunun 30 A\u011fustos 1922’de zaferle sonu\u00e7lanan Milli M\u00fccadele’sinden sonra Yunan ordusuyla birlikte, tahminen 1 milyon civar\u0131nda Rum’un da Anadolu’yu terk etti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131 olan bu Rumlar\u0131n ilk etapta Ege adalar\u0131na, daha sonra Atina’ya gitti\u011fini dile getiren Ergelen, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti: <\/p>\n
“O d\u00f6nemde Yunanistan n\u00fcfusunun 5 milyon civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, giden kitlenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc siz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve Yunan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ilk etapta bunlar\u0131 Atina’dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma yolunu se\u00e7ti. Bunun i\u00e7in de ak\u0131llar\u0131na gelen en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, ‘Bunlar\u0131 Kuzey Yunanistan’daki T\u00fcrklerin yan\u0131na verelim.’ Fatura orada ya\u015fayan Yunan vatanda\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrklere kesildi. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan kanunla her T\u00fcrk aile, evini bir Rum g\u00f6\u00e7menle b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fmek zorundayd\u0131. Bunlar, kendilerine ‘s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131’ diyorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Lozan’a giderken asl\u0131nda en can al\u0131c\u0131 konu buydu, ‘Bu m\u00fcbadiller ne olacak?’ Rum taraf\u0131, ‘Bunlar sizin vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131z, geri al\u0131n’ diyordu. T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131 da ‘Memnuniyetle’ Ama Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n bir iste\u011fi daha vard\u0131, ‘Bunlar\u0131 yarg\u0131layamazs\u0131n\u0131z.’ Bu konuda anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlar orada s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.”<\/p>\n
“Uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmayla insan takas\u0131”<\/p>\n
Ergelen, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde bir\u00e7ok meselenin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fczerinde en \u00f6nce anla\u015f\u0131lan konulardan birinin ise m\u00fcbadele oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
“M\u00fcbadele” kelimesinin “bedel” k\u00f6k\u00fcnden geldi\u011fini ve emtia takas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Ergelen, “Tarihte belki ilk defa insan takas\u0131n\u0131n temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu uluslararas\u0131 bir anla\u015fmayla. 1,5 milyon T\u00fcrkiye’den Rum gitti, yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 bin de Yunanistan’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk geldi. Bunlar\u0131n a\u015famalar\u0131 var. \u0130lk etapta 1 milyon Rum s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131, m\u00fclteci olarak gitti. Geride kalan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 bin ila 500 bin aras\u0131 say\u0131 veriliyor. Bunlar m\u00fcbadil oldu. Bunlar, bilhassa Karamanl\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz Kapadokya b\u00f6lgesinden giden, ana dilleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Rumlar. Bunlar m\u00fcbadele anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7o\u011fu Mersin’e do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek, orada limandan gemilere binerek gittiler.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Ergelen, T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfus de\u011fi\u015fiminin Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1912’ye kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu tarihten sonra Yunanistan’\u0131 fiilen terk edenlerin de m\u00fcbadil stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerin Yunanistan’dan Anadolu’ya deniz ve demir yoluyla geldi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan Ergelen, “Rumlar\u0131n ve Ermenilerin bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere iskan edildiler. Ege’ye \u00e7ok ciddi bir m\u00fcbadil n\u00fcfusu geldi. \u00d6zellikle t\u00fct\u00fcn tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan yerlere Kavala-Drama b\u00f6lgesinden gelen m\u00fcbadiller iskan edildi. Yine Kapadokya b\u00f6lgesine, Yunanistan’da Kayalar’da kuru tar\u0131m yapan m\u00fcbadiller iskan edildi. Ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan m\u00fcbadiller vard\u0131, onlar \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir gibi \u015fehir merkezlerine geldi. Yine Kavala Sar\u0131\u015faban b\u00f6lgesinden gelen t\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcler, Samsun’a iskan edildi. Samsun’dan tutun b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi boyunca, Mersin’e kadar m\u00fcbadillerin iskan edildi\u011fi alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. Tabi adalardan gelen var, mesela Midilli’den gelenler Ayval\u0131k’a, Girit’ten gelenler \u0130zmir, Antalya ve Mersin’e iskan edildiler.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Atalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6yleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p buldular<\/p>\n
Kendisinin de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak m\u00fcbadil torunu oldu\u011funu kaydeden Ergelen, ailesiyle birlikte Kavala’dan deniz yoluyla \u0130stanbul’a gelen ve Mahmutbey b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fen dedesinden dinlediklerini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ergelen, “Babaannem de dedem de cennet gibi bir yerden geldiklerini anlat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ben, ilk gitti\u011fimde cennetten bir k\u00f6\u015fe g\u00f6rmeyi umut ediyordum ama o b\u00f6lge daha sonra bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f. Biz asl\u0131nda m\u00fcbadeleyle beraber nelerden kurtulmu\u015fuz, onu fark ettim. Mesela, biz \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 aktif olarak ya\u015famad\u0131k. Komplikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f\u0131z, \u00e7ok dinledim ailemden ama orada kalan Bat\u0131 Trakyal\u0131larla daha sonra g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Kendi k\u00f6y\u00fcmde olan Rumlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekmi\u015fler. Direkt sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ine girmi\u015fler, yetmemi\u015f \u00fczerine bir de i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcbadele sonras\u0131 ilk ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n vatan hasretiyle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatan Ergelen, bu insanlar\u0131n say\u0131lara indirgenmemesi gerekti\u011fini, ya\u015fan\u0131lan dram\u0131n halen onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131n\u0131n zihinlerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
Zaman zaman atalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri ziyaret ettiklerini vurgulayan Ergelen, Lozan M\u00fcbadilleri Vakf\u0131 olarak “Merhaba do\u011fdu\u011fum toprak” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunanistan’a gezi d\u00fczenlediklerini ve dedelerinin ve babalar\u0131n\u0131n geldikleri k\u00f6yleri bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yunanistan’da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Rumlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp oradaki k\u00f6ylerin eski adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer yandan da ar\u015fivleri tarayarak 10 y\u0131l boyunca titiz ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Ergelen, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda vakf\u0131n eski genel sekreteri Sefer G\u00fcven\u00e7’in “Kuzey Yunanistan Yer Adlar\u0131 Atlas\u0131” kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu sayede bug\u00fcn dedesinin geldi\u011fi k\u00f6y\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131 bilen m\u00fcbadillerin o k\u00f6ylerini bulma \u015fans\u0131 elde etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00fcbadele ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkileri bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, m\u00fcbadil torunlar\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hat\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,4,13],"tags":[2807,1838,2806,517,2805],"class_list":["post-13533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-gundem","category-son-dakika","tag-bunlar","tag-mubadil","tag-rum","tag-turk","tag-yunanistan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13533"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13535,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13533\/revisions\/13535"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}