Kalp-damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ve \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u00d6yleki \u00fclkemizde bu konuda yap\u0131lan en kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan ve T\u00fcrk Kardiyoloji Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen TEKHARF \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenlerinin y\u00fczde 42\u2019sini koroner kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. \u00dcstelik teknolojinin ve modern \u015fehir ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hareketsizlik, fast food tipi beslenme ve stres gibi sorunlar da bir yandan artarak kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131yla m\u00fccadeleyi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun verileri, toplam \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin aras\u0131nda kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n gittik\u00e7e artma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Peki kalp sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in neler yapmak, nelerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak gerekiyor? <\/span><\/p>\n Konun uzman\u0131 doktorlar, modern ya\u015fam\u0131n kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rol oynayan en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rleri ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemleri anlatt\u0131. \u0130\u015fte kalp-damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 risikini art\u0131ran 8 etken: <\/span><\/p>\n OBEZ\u0130TE<\/b><\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re, obezite kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7an en \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri. Ya\u011f\u0131n kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde toplanmas\u0131yla karakterize olan ya\u011f birikimi koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli bir risk olu\u015fturuyor.<\/span> Uzmanlar<\/span>, beden kitle indeksi (kilo\/metre olarak tan\u0131mlanan boyun karesi) ile \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131nda do\u011frusal bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Beden kitle indeksinin 25 kg\/m2 alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 normal kabul ediliyor. 25-30 kg\/m2 aras\u0131 kilo fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, 30 kg\/m2 \u00fczeri ise obezite olarak nitelendiriliyor. Artm\u0131\u015f bel\/kal\u00e7a oran\u0131, yani abdominal obezite koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini \u00f6zellikle art\u0131r\u0131yor. <\/span><\/p>\n KOLTU\u011eA BA\u011eIMLI YA\u015eAMAK<\/b><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde modern \u015fehir ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bize dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlardan biri olan hareketsizlik ve koltu\u011fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 da kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fme riskini art\u0131ran bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli etken. D\u00fczenli egzersiz ise hem kardiyovask\u00fcler sisteme, hem de kardiyak risk fakt\u00f6rlerinden olan kan bas\u0131nc\u0131, lipid profili, glukoz tolerans\u0131, obezite ve tromboza e\u011filim \u00fczerinde olumlu etkiler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re, d\u00fczenli ve do\u011fru yap\u0131lan egzersizler kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm riskini y\u00fczde 23 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131yor. Kardiyovask\u00fcler riski azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen minimum egzersiz ise haftan\u0131n 3 g\u00fcn\u00fc en az 30 dakika ve aerobik \u00f6zellikte spor yapmak. <\/span><\/p>\n HATALI BESLENME ALI\u015eKANLIKLARI<\/b><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011fun temposuna yeti\u015fmek i\u00e7in sabahlar\u0131 kahvalt\u0131y\u0131 po\u011fa\u00e7alarla ge\u00e7i\u015ftiriyor, \u00f6\u011fle veya ak\u015fam yemeklerinde fast food tipi yemeklerle karn\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 doyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Sonu\u00e7; yorulan kalp! Kardiyoloji Uzmanlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle meyve ile sebzenin yetersiz t\u00fcketilmesinin ve haz\u0131r ya da y\u00fcksek kalorili ya\u011fl\u0131 g\u0131dalarla beslenmenin kalp damar sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde tehdit etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Diyetin etkisinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve agresif ya\u011f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131nda y\u00fczde 30-60 azalma sa\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015f. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine olumlu etki yapan diyetin doymu\u015f ya\u011fdan fakir; lif, antioksidan, tekli doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f ve bal\u0131ktan ise zengin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f.\u00a0 Kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan korunmak i\u00e7in total ya\u011f t\u00fcketimi diyetin y\u00fczde 30’unu ge\u00e7memeli, doymu\u015f ya\u011f y\u00fczde 7-10 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, \u00e7oklu-doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f t\u00fcketimi y\u00fczde 10, tekli doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f t\u00fcketimi ise y\u00fczde 10-15 civar\u0131nda olmal\u0131. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re tuz t\u00fcketimi g\u00fcnde 6 gram ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n STRES, \u00d6FKE, DEPRESYON<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Psikolojik stres, \u00f6fke ve depresyonun kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bildirilmi\u015f. \u00d6zellikle enfarkt\u00fcs sonras\u0131 hastalarda depresyon ve stres azalt\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fimlerin yararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. <\/span><\/p>\n S\u0130GARA<\/b><\/p>\n Sigara ile kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fki mevcut. Uzmanlar, sigaran\u0131n hangi mekanizmayla kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cSigara, damar i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyinde kolesterol ve ya\u011f-kire\u00e7 birikimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Kanda p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 proteinleri y\u00fckseltiyor, p\u0131ht\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinin tepkilerini art\u0131r\u0131yor ve kan\u0131n ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozuyor. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra damar tonusunu ve elastik \u00f6zelli\u011fini bozuyor. Sigara, ayr\u0131ca iyi huylu kolesterol olan HDL seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu LDL kolesterol\u00fcn damar duvar\u0131ndaki zararl\u0131 etkisini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.\u201d <\/p>\n Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda; kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnde 1-14 sigara i\u00e7enlerde erkeklerde 1.7 kat, 25 \u00fczeri i\u00e7enlerde 2.6 kat daha y\u00fcksek bulunmu\u015f. Kad\u0131nlarda, g\u00fcnde 1-4 sigara i\u00e7enlerde risk 1.9 kat, 14-24 sigara aras\u0131 i\u00e7enlerde 4.3 kat ve 25’ten fazla sigara i\u00e7enlerde 5.4 kat artm\u0131\u015f olarak tespit edilmi\u015f.\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n H\u0130PERTANS\u0130YON<\/b><\/p>\n Hipertansiyon kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na birka\u00e7 mekanizma \u00fczerinden etki ediyor. Damar\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyindeki geni\u015flemeyi azalt\u0131yor, h\u00fccrelerde ya\u011f birikimi olu\u015fumunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, kan\u0131n ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozuyor, kire\u00e7lenmeyi art\u0131r\u0131yor ve kanda p\u0131ht\u0131n\u0131n daha kolay olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Tedavi ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kan bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 13 ve 6 mm Hg\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 riskini y\u00fczde 16 oran\u0131nda azaltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabiliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n D\u0130YABET<\/b><\/p>\n Diyabet, hiperlipidemi, hipertansiyon, obezite ve ins\u00fclin direnci ile ateroskleroz (damar sertli\u011fi) aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki var. Diyabet damar duvar\u0131n\u0131n esnekli\u011fini bozuyor, damarlarda h\u00fccre birikimi ile art\u0131\u015f\u0131na neden oluyor, kanda p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor ve damar i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyindeki h\u00fccre hasar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130yi kontrol edilemeyen diyabet tipik olarak hipertrigliserideminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iyi huylu kolesterol HDL\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015fmesine de yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcm tip1 diyabetlilerde 3-10 kat, tip 2 diyabetlilerde erkeklerde 2, kad\u0131nlarda 4 kat art\u0131yor. <\/span><\/p>\n KANDAK\u0130 L\u0130POPROTE\u0130NLER<\/b><\/p>\n Y\u00fcksek kolesterol seviyesi, \u00f6zellikle LDL denilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu kolesterol\u00fcn y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 durumu da gittik\u00e7e art\u0131yor. \u0130yi huylu olan HDL kolesterol\u00fcn ise ateroskleroz geli\u015fiminde koruyucu bir rol\u00fc var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck HDL, yani 35 mg\/dl alt\u0131ndaki HDL de\u011ferleri \u00f6nemli ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir koroner risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc oluyor. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra genetik olarak belirlenen lipoprotein(a) y\u00fcksekli\u011fi de, \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu kolesterol LDL mevcutsa, miyokard enfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc. Y\u00fcksek homosistein d\u00fczeyleri de aterosklerotik (damar sertli\u011fi) damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Bu d\u00fczey \u00fczerinde homosistein bulunanlarda 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde miyokard infarkt\u00fcs\u00fc ge\u00e7irme riski 3.4 kat art\u0131yor. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc de trigliserid d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini art\u0131ran 8 fakt\u00f6rden birinin bile hayat\u0131n\u0131zda olmas\u0131, sizi kalp-damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131na aday yapabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[694,604,695,567,696],"class_list":["post-3990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-ic","tag-kalp","tag-risk","tag-sigara","tag-yag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3990"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3992,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3990\/revisions\/3992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}