{"id":66255,"date":"2026-03-08T14:57:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-08T14:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/?p=66255"},"modified":"2026-03-08T14:57:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T14:57:10","slug":"umit-yenisehirli-yazdi-osmanli-okullarindaki-ramazan-coskusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/2026\/03\/08\/umit-yenisehirli-yazdi-osmanli-okullarindaki-ramazan-coskusu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcmit Yeni\u015fehirli yazd\u0131: Osmanl\u0131 okullar\u0131ndaki Ramazan co\u015fkusu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Milyonlarca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Ramazan\u2019\u0131 huzur ve sevin\u00e7 dolu idrak ederken, cirmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesim ise mezkur tabloyu bozmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yap\u0131yor. Bu do\u011frultuda, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ramazan\u2019\u0131n sosyal ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak kimi idari d\u00fczenlemeler yapmas\u0131, birilerini adeta ifrit ediyor. Pe\u015f pe\u015fe \u201claiklik bildirileri\u201d <\/b><\/em>yay\u0131nlan\u0131yor, bir k\u0131s\u0131m medya \u2013 gene! – \u201cirtica tehlikesi\u201d<\/b><\/em>ne dikkat \u00e7ekiyor, \u0130zmir\u2019de bir grup, MEB\u2019in genelgesini protesto amac\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler d\u00fczenliyor ve daha pek \u00e7ok \u201cmuhalif m\u0131z\u0131rdanma\u201d <\/b><\/em>ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

M\u0130LLET\u0130N \u00c7\u0130MENTOSU \u0130SLAM\u2019DI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oysa bu topraklar as\u0131rlard\u0131r; \u0130slamiyet\u2019in bir\u00e7ok vecibesinin yerine getirili\u015fi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin huzur dolu, yard\u0131mla\u015fmayla bezeli, estetik y\u00fckl\u00fc etkinliklerle s\u00fcslemesine \u015fahit oldu. \u00d6zellikle Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de okullarda, Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n kutlanmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer dini vecibelerle ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir inanc\u0131n, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle dolu bir \u015fekilde zarafetle ortaya konmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesiydi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi\u2019nin, Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 ile kimi sosyal boyutu da olan din\u00ee t\u00f6renlere ili\u015fkin maddelerinde yer alan bilgilere g\u00f6re; Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, – klasik devirler \u015f\u00f6yle dursun – modern say\u0131labilecek d\u00f6nemlerinde bile e\u011fitimdeki dinsel ton, renk ve merasimler, hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131mlarla kendisine yer bulmaktayd\u0131. \u0130slam, toplumsal bir \u201cmoral \u00e7imento\u201d<\/b><\/em>ydu. O devrin okullar\u0131 olan S\u0131byan Mektebi (ilk), R\u00fc\u015ftiye (orta), \u0130dadi (lise) ve Sultani (nitelikli lise) zincirinde, din\u00ee rit\u00fcel d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc bask\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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AM\u0130N ALAYLARI \u0130LE OKULA ADIM ATAN M\u0130N\u0130KLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u011fitim hayat\u0131na ba\u015flayacak olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ba\u015frol\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu Amin Alay\u0131, genellikle kandil, pazartesi veya per\u015fembe g\u00fcnleri d\u00fczenlenirdi. Adete uygun olarak, okula ba\u015flayacak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ailesi, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nceden mektebin hocas\u0131na haber g\u00f6nderirdi. Hoca da merasim g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 s\u0131raya dizer, \u00f6ndekiler y\u00fcksek sesle ve koro halinde il\u00e2hiler okuyarak, arkadakiler de beyit aralar\u0131nda \u201cAmin!\u201d<\/b><\/em> diye ba\u011f\u0131rarak ne\u015fe i\u00e7inde \u00e7ocu\u011fun evine gelirlerdi.<\/p>\n

S\u00dcSL\u00dc K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK ARABALAR, M\u0130D\u0130LL\u0130 ATLAR, \u00c7OCUKLARA HAR\u00c7LIKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Okula ba\u015flayacak \u00e7ocuk, s\u00fcslenmi\u015f bir arabaya veya \u201cmidilli\u201d<\/b><\/em> ad\u0131 verilen ata bindirilir, ilahiler e\u015fli\u011finde mahalle dola\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar Anadolu\u2019da, \u015fehirdeki me\u015fhur bir t\u00fcrbeye, \u0130stanbul\u2019da ise Ey\u00fcp Sultan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, dualar edilirdi.<\/p>\n

Kafilenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7ocuklar, atlastan yast\u0131k \u00fczerinde c\u00fcz kesesi, Elifba ve rahle ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Yeni okula ba\u015flayan minik, hocas\u0131ndan ilk dersini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra onun ve davetlilerin ellerini \u00f6per, hay\u0131r dualar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r, t\u00f6ren \u201cA\u015fr-\u0131 \u015eerif\u201d<\/b><\/em> (orta uzunlukta 10 ayet) okunmas\u0131yla sona ererdi. T\u00f6renin bitiminde \u00e7ocu\u011fun ailesince haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f yemekler yenilir; hocaya, kalfaya, ilahi okuyan ve Amin Alay\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklara hediye ve har\u00e7l\u0131klar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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YATILI ORTAOKUL VE L\u0130SELERDE TOPLU SABAH NAMAZI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda geleneksel dini e\u011fitim verilen medreselerde zaten var olan toplu ibadet uygulamalar\u0131, son devirlerdeki modern e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Galatasaray Sultanisi ile Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fafaka gibi (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ikisi de e\u011fitim vermeye devam eden liseler) okullarda da \u00f6\u011frenciler, sabah namaz\u0131na topluca kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Fiziki \u015fartlar\u0131 uygun her okulda mutlaka mescit bulunur, uygun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte olan okullarda ise \u2013 subay yeti\u015ftiren Harbiye ve m\u00fclki amir yeti\u015ftiren M\u00fclkiye de dahil \u2013 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir cami de in\u015fa edilirdi. Derslere, devletin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan dualarla ba\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

F\u0130Z\u0130K, K\u0130MYA, MATEMAT\u0130K DERSLER\u0130 VE SAN\u0130-\u0130 Z\u00dcLCELAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 modernle\u015fmesinde fen dersleri, i\u00e7ine din\u00ee bilgi ve duyarl\u0131klar\u0131n yedirildi\u011fi bir \u015fekilde verilirdi. \u201cHikmet-i Tabiiye\u201d<\/b><\/em> denilen fizik ve biyoloji dersleri ile di\u011fer \u201csay\u0131sal\u201d <\/b><\/em>derslerde modern bilgiler anlat\u0131l\u0131r, bu anlat\u0131 mutlaka, \u201cSani-i Z\u00fclcelal\u201d<\/b><\/em>e (Y\u00fcce Sanat\u00e7\u0131ya \/ Yarat\u0131c\u0131ya) ba\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Bir fizik kural\u0131 i\u015flenirken; bunun, Allah\u2019\u0131n k\u00e2inatta hakim k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 nizam \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

NEWTON\u2019IN BULDU\u011eU KANUNLAR S\u00dcNNETTULAH\u2019IN B\u0130R TECELL\u0130S\u0130D\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir \u201cHikmet-i Tabiiye\u201d<\/b><\/em> (tabii bilimler) kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u201cGiri\u015f\u201d<\/b><\/em> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015fu sat\u0131rlar yer almaktayd\u0131: \u201cHamd olsun o Allah\u2019a ki, k\u00e2inat\u0131n zerrelerini bir nizam-\u0131 hikmetle dizmi\u015ftir. \u2018Yer\u00e7ekimi\u2019 dedi\u011fimiz kuvvet, asl\u0131nda Hal\u0131k-\u0131 Cihan\u2019\u0131n mahl\u00fbkat\u0131n\u0131 bir arada tutma iradesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Isaac Newton\u2019un buldu\u011fu kanunlar, Sani’nin (Yarat\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n) k\u00e2inata nak\u015fetti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmez S\u00fcnnetullah\u2019\u0131n birer tecellisidir. Fezadaki (uzay) muazzam k\u00fcrelerin (gezegenler) birbirine \u00e7arpmadan, bir k\u0131l pay\u0131 sapmadan d\u00f6nmeleri, ak\u0131l sahibi her kul i\u00e7in Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fini ve kudretini ispat eden en b\u00fcy\u00fck mucizedir.\u201d <\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00dcT\u00dcN KARNELERDE KUR\u2019AN VE TECV\u0130D NOTU OLURDU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 toplumunda \u00e7ocuklar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman alt\u0131, be\u015f hatta bazen d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131nda bile Kur\u2019an okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmekteydiler. S\u0131byan Mektebi\u2019ne, aileden zaten Kur\u2019an\u2019a a\u015final\u0131kla gelen \u00e7ocuklara, kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Elifba ve tecvid e\u011fitimi verilir, Kur\u2019ani bilgiler peki\u015ftirilirdi. Bu durum, sonraki \u00f6\u011fretim kademelerindeki karnelerde bu alana dair notlar\u0131n da yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

S\u0131byan Mektebi\u2019nin ilk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan \u0130dadi\u2019nin son s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kadarki karnelerde, di\u011fer derslerin yan\u0131nda; \u201cUlum-\u0131 Diniye”<\/b><\/em> (Din \u0130limleri), F\u0131k\u0131h ve \u0130nan\u00e7 Esaslar\u0131, Tecvid ve K\u0131raat ile H\u00fcsn-i Ahlak (G\u00fczel Ahlak) derslerine ili\u015fkin notlar da bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu dersler, \u201c\u0130slami Terbiye\u201d<\/b><\/em> \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

RAMAZAN AYI \u00d6\u011eRENC\u0130LER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TAM B\u0130R SEV\u0130N\u00c7 KAYNA\u011eIYDI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 e\u011fitim sisteminde Ramazan ay\u0131, hem klasik medreselerde hem de modern okullarda, e\u011fitimin teoriden prati\u011fe d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sosyal sorumlulu\u011fun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ne\u015fe ve co\u015fkunun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zaman dilimi olurdu.<\/p>\n

Medreseler, \u00dc\u00e7 Aylar\u0131n girmesiyle birlikte e\u011fitime ara verir, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciler halkla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen bir organizasyonla \u00fclke sath\u0131na yay\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. \u201cCerre \u00c7\u0131kmak\u201d <\/b><\/em>ad\u0131 verilen bu uygulamada, \u00f6\u011frenciler k\u00f6y ve kasabalara giderek, buralarda imaml\u0131k, m\u00fcezzinlik yapar, vaazlar verir ve halk\u0131n dini sorular\u0131n\u0131 cevaplard\u0131. Bu g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc staj ile \u00f6\u011frenciler hem hitabet yeteneklerini geli\u015ftirir hem de halk\u0131n r\u0131zayla verdi\u011fi ayni veya nakdi yard\u0131mlarla (zekat, fitre) kendi y\u0131ll\u0131k e\u011fitim masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131larlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

TEKNE ORUCU\u2019NU TE\u015eV\u0130K<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ilkokullar\u0131n\u0131n dengi olan S\u0131byan Mektepleri ise ba\u015fta oru\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli ibadetler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan te\u015fviklere sahne olurdu. Ramazan\u2019\u0131n manevi havas\u0131n\u0131 sevdirmek amac\u0131yla tam g\u00fcn oru\u00e7 tutamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar \u201cTekne Orucu\u201d<\/b><\/em> tutmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fc, har\u00e7l\u0131k ve hediyelerle te\u015fvik edilirdi. Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n oru\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fle vakti iftar program\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir, \u00f6zenli sofralar kurulurdu. Bazen de mahallede okula ba\u015flama i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen Amin Alay\u0131 t\u00f6reni, Ramazan\u2019a denk getirilerek, bu ay\u0131n manevi havas\u0131, okula yeni ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklara da ya\u015fat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

OSMANLI\u2019NIN S\u00d6MESTRE TAT\u0130L\u0130 RAMAZAN\u2019DAYDI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 e\u011fitiminde Ramazan ay\u0131 genellikle resmi tatil olur ya da en az\u0131ndan okullardaki e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 hafifletilerek, derslere ara verip, k\u0131smi tatiller olu\u015fturularak, bu ay\u0131n rahat ge\u00e7irilmesine \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilirdi. Ders programlar\u0131 iftar ve sahur vakitleri dikkate al\u0131narak d\u00fczenlenirdi. Yat\u0131l\u0131 okullardaki \u00f6\u011frenciler, \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ailelerinin yan\u0131na g\u00f6nderilirdi. S\u0131rf bu durumdaki \u00f6\u011frencilerin yol harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve ula\u015f\u0131m imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu noktada y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek gideceklerinden dolay\u0131 ayakkab\u0131 hediye etmek i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f vak\u0131flar, \u00f6\u011frencilere maddi destek sa\u011flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

PAD\u0130\u015eAHIN HUZURUNDAK\u0130 \u201cHUZUR DERSLER\u0130\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yine Ramazan ay\u0131nda, saraya yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u00fcst d\u00fczey okul \u00f6\u011frencileri ve hocalar\u0131, padi\u015fah\u0131n huzurunda yap\u0131lan, \u201cHuzur Dersleri\u201d<\/b><\/em> olarak bilinen, ilmi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitime, dinleyici veya katk\u0131 veren olarak i\u015ftirak edebilirlerdi. \u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u2019\u0131n organize etti\u011fi, devrin ileri gelen alimlerinin de haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu bu derslerde; ayet-i kerime ve hadis-i \u015fer\u00eeflerin tefsirlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, m\u00fcspet ilimler ve edeb\u00ee konular da ele al\u0131n\u0131r, y\u00fcksek seviyeli ilmi m\u00fczakereler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirdi. Huzur Dersleri\u2019ne zaman zaman Sadrazam ve di\u011fer devlet y\u00f6neticileri de kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> Ensonhaber Haber Merkezi<\/span> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Milyonlarca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Ramazan\u2019\u0131 huzur ve sevin\u00e7 dolu idrak ederken, cirmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesim ise mezkur tabloyu bozmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yap\u0131yor. Bu do\u011frultuda, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ramazan\u2019\u0131n sosyal ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,13],"tags":[683,7543,233,973,477],"class_list":["post-66255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-son-dakika","tag-cocuklar","tag-dersleri","tag-egitim","tag-ogrenci","tag-osmanli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66255","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66255"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66255\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66263,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66255\/revisions\/66263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}