Adli Bilimciler Derne\u011fi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof.Dr. Hamit Hanc\u0131 ve Av.Dr. Alp Aslan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 konusunda bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131\u2026\u201d\u2018Bize olmaz\u2019 c\u00fcmlesi ger\u00e7eklikle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamada \u015fu ifadelere yer verildi, \u201cSiverek\u2019te eski bir \u00f6\u011frencinin pompal\u0131 t\u00fcfekle okula girip 16 ki\u015fiyi yaralamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ertesi g\u00fcn (bug\u00fcn) Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019ta bu kez \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl neticeleri olan ikinci bir okul sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Gaziantep \u015eahinbey\u2019de Mimar Sinan Anadolu Lisesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde 15-16 ya\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00f6rt \u015f\u00fcphelinin bir \u00f6\u011frenciyi okul bah\u00e7esinden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p kurus\u0131k\u0131 tabancayla ate\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir \u015f\u00fcphelinin yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn arand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de h\u00e2l\u00e2 nadir g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor olabilir ama art\u0131k \u201cbize olmaz\u201d c\u00fcmlesi ger\u00e7eklikle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir\u201d<\/p>\n
Amerika verileri\u2026Okul hesapla\u015fma sahnesi mi?<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cY\u0131llard\u0131r Amerikan verileri \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ama bizim kamuoyumuzda yeterince ciddiye al\u0131nmayan bir kavram \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmektedir: \u201cContagion\u201d, yani bula\u015fma etkisi. Towers ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings (Toplu katliamlarda ve okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda bula\u015fma ) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, ABD verileri \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 modellemede, kitlesel \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeler ve okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda benzer olaylar\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici bir art\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda bu \u201cbula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 pencere\u201d ortalama yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrmekte ve her olay en az 0,22 yeni olay\u0131; ate\u015fli silahla kitlesel \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeler ise ortalama 13 g\u00fcn boyunca en az 0,30 yeni olay\u0131 te\u015fvik etmektedir. Bu bulguyu yanl\u0131\u015f anlamamak gerekir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, \u201cBir haber \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, ertesi g\u00fcn bire bir kopyas\u0131 oldu\u201d gibi kaba bir nedensellik kurmamaktad\u0131r. Yazarlar \u00f6zellikle, \u201colaylar\u0131n co\u011frafi yak\u0131nl\u0131ktan \u00e7ok zamansal yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6stermesi ve anlaml\u0131 bir mek\u00e2nsal k\u00fcmelenme \u00fcretmemesi, bu \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn yerel mahalle etkisinden \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n medya g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve sembolik taklit ile uyumlu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d s\u00f6ylemektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son 48 saatine bu g\u00f6zle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde sadece \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 asayi\u015f haberi yoktur. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczde, okulun bir anda \u201chesapla\u015fma sahnesi\u201dne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir iklim vard\u0131r. Siverek\u2019te, Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019ta okullar hedef olmu\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Gaziantep\u2019te can kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f ve olay kurus\u0131k\u0131 tabancayla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f ama yine okul \u00e7evresi se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Yine \u00f6\u011frenci hedef al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yine panik \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Demek ki bula\u015fan \u015fey yaln\u0131z tabiri maruz g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse kur\u015fun de\u011fildir. Bula\u015fan \u015fey, okulun tehdit mek\u00e2n\u0131 olarak hayal edilmesidir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, copycat (taklit) \u00a0etkisi bazen ayn\u0131 \u015fiddet yo\u011funlu\u011fuyla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 sahneyi yeniden kurma bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Siverek ve Kahramanmara\u015f do\u011frudan okul sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 iken Gaziantep ise o sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan okul \u00e7evresinde kurulan korku senaryosu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Gaziantep\u2019deki bu olay k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenecek de\u011fil, tam tersine \u00e7ok ciddiye al\u0131nacak bir ge\u00e7i\u015f formudur.<\/p>\n
Okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve ate\u015fli silah sahipli\u011fi yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fkisi!<\/b><\/p>\n
Bu nedenle en b\u00fcy\u00fck hata, her olay\u0131 birbirinden kopuk ve sadece \u201cki\u015fisel husumet\u201d, \u201cergen kavgas\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cm\u00fcnferit psikoloji\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klamak olacakt\u0131r. Evet, her dosyan\u0131n kendi somut nedeni olabilir ama toplumsal d\u00fczeyde soru ba\u015fka yerdedir: Neden ayn\u0131 k\u0131sa zaman penceresinde okul, yeniden \u015fiddetin adresine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir? Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda en rahats\u0131z edici ders \u015fudur: B\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar yaln\u0131z ma\u011fdur \u00fcretmez, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131r\u0131lgan, \u00f6fkeli ya da te\u015fhire a\u00e7\u0131k ki\u015filere bir eylem \u015fablonu da sunabilir. O \u015fablon bazen tam bir okul katliam\u0131 olur, bazen okul \u00f6n\u00fcnde silah g\u00f6sterisi, bazen kurus\u0131k\u0131 ile hedef g\u00f6sterme, bazen sosyal medyada tehdit. Ama hepsi ayn\u0131 kamusal siniri tahrip etmektedir: \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n okula g\u00fcvenle gitme hakk\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ikinci \u00f6nemli ders de, kolayc\u0131 \u201csu\u00e7lu deli birey\u201d anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sars\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r: Okul sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve kitlesel \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeler ile ate\u015fli silah sahipli\u011fi yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 ili\u015fki bulunurken, silah sahipli\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ruhsal hastal\u0131k yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile anlaml\u0131 bir ili\u015fki bulunmuyor. Bu sonu\u00e7 tek tek vakalarda ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmemekte ancak kamuoyu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cruh hastas\u0131 biri yapt\u0131\u201d kolayc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6mmenin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Yap\u0131sal mesele, eri\u015fim ve tetiklenme meselesidir.<\/p>\n
Buradan \u00e7\u0131kacak sonu\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin art\u0131k okul g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sadece kap\u0131ya polis koymakla, duvara kamera takmakla ya da olay olduktan sonra \u201csoru\u015fturma ba\u015flatt\u0131k\u201d demekle y\u00f6netemeyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bula\u015fma etkisi, yaln\u0131z fiziksel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fil ileti\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, medya dilinde, dijital tehdit takibinde, okul-aile-kolluk koordinasyonsuzlu\u011funda b\u00fcy\u00fcr. E\u011fer bir olaydan sonra 48 saat i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm okullara d\u00f6n\u00fck tehdit taramas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131yorsa, sosyal medya ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri merkezi havuzda toplanm\u0131yorsa, eski \u00f6\u011frencilerle veya husumetli \u00e7evrelerle ili\u015fkili riskler yeniden s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yorsa, okul a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131 tehdit de\u011ferlendirmesi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131yorsa, devlet asl\u0131nda yaln\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131ya de\u011fil, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falma ihtimaline de ge\u00e7 kal\u0131yor olabilir.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenlerle: Okulu hedef alan her ciddi silahl\u0131 olaydan sonra, olay\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 okulda ve gerekiyorsa yak\u0131n risk \u00e7evresinde en az iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck zorunlu tehdit de\u011ferlendirme tatili standart h\u00e2le gelmelidir. Bu, panik de\u011fil bula\u015fma penceresini k\u0131rma tedbiridir. Birinci g\u00fcn olay yeri, dijital izler ve temas a\u011flar\u0131 taran\u0131r. \u0130kinci g\u00fcn yeniden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, psikososyal destek ve olas\u0131 taklit tehditleri de\u011ferlendirilir. T\u00fcrkiye, \u201ce\u011fitim aksamamal\u0131\u201d refleksiyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fitim bir g\u00fcn telafi edilir; okulda kaybolan g\u00fcven duygusu kolay telafi edilmez.<\/p>\n
Bir ba\u015fka zorunlu ad\u0131m da medya dilidir. Sansasyon, isim y\u00fcceltme, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc tekrarlar\u0131 ve failin performans\u0131n\u0131 merkeze alan dil, toplumsal savunma de\u011fil toplumsal risk \u00fcretir. Bizde ise tam tersine, olay an\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, silah sesi, failin g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131, okulun ad\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeri, \u00f6\u011frencilerin ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f an\u0131 neredeyse bir \u201cseyirlik kriz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Oysa sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru, failin ka\u00e7 el ate\u015f etti\u011fi de\u011fil bu \u00fclkenin ni\u00e7in k\u0131sa aral\u0131klarla okullar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda \u015fiddet ve tehdit senaryolar\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye, Amerika de\u011fildir. Ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n hatalar\u0131ndan ders \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Amerika\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi de gerekmez. Siverek, Kahramanmara\u015f ve Gaziantep ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Fakat hepsi ayn\u0131 uyar\u0131y\u0131 vermektedir: \u015eiddet yaln\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek de\u011fil, \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturarak da yay\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer devlet, medya ve e\u011fitim sistemi bunu h\u00e2l\u00e2 sadece \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 haber\u201d san\u0131yorsa, as\u0131l tehlike tam da oradad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bazen bir toplumu felakete g\u00f6t\u00fcren \u015fey, ilk sald\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fil ilk sald\u0131r\u0131dan sonra h\u00e2l\u00e2 bunun bir model \u00fcretmedi\u011fini sanmakt\u0131r. (BSHA \u2013 Bilim ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Haber Ajans\u0131)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Okula Sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBula\u015fmas\u0131\u201d: T\u00fcrkiye, Art\u0131k Bu Kavramla Y\u00fczle\u015fmek Zorundad\u0131r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":75372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[236,316,256,794,1808],"class_list":["post-75371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","tag-gun","tag-okul","tag-olay","tag-saldiri","tag-tehdit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75371"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75373,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75371\/revisions\/75373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}