T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda 30 Ocak 1923’te imzalanan n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda deniz yoluyla 7’nci m\u0131nt\u0131kaya getirilen 27 bin 687 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fcbadilin Anadolu’da yeniden hayat kurmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fince 103 y\u0131l \u00f6nce “Yunan ve T\u00fcrk Halklar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcbadelesine \u0130li\u015fkin S\u00f6zle\u015fme ve Protokol”\u00fcn imzalanmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 bin T\u00fcrk Yunanistan’dan Anadolu’ya, 1,2 milyon Ortodoks Rum ise Yunanistan’a g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden m\u00fcbadillerin yeni yerle\u015ftikleri b\u00f6lgede sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik olarak uyum sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla iskan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi 10 m\u0131nt\u0131ka belirlendi, Sakarya b\u00f6lgesini kapsayan ise 7’nci \u0130zmit m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Deniz yoluyla \u0130zmit’teki 7’nci m\u0131nt\u0131kaya (\u0130zmit, Bolu, Bilecik, Eski\u015fehir, K\u00fctahya) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Selanik, Girit, Manast\u0131r, Yanya, Cezayir-i Bahr-i Sefid b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen 27 bin 687 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fcbadilin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, d\u00f6nemin kazalar\u0131ndan olan Adapazar\u0131 istasyonuna getirildi.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi Sakarya’n\u0131n kent merkezi olan Adapazar\u0131 istasyonunda indirilen m\u00fcbadiller, Adapazar\u0131, Serdivan, Akyaz\u0131, Hendek ve S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc il\u00e7elerine kara yoluyla, Geyve’ye yerle\u015fen m\u00fcbadiller ise trenden inmeden demir yolu \u00fczerinden il\u00e7eye ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
“Toplumlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra sessiz kal\u0131rlar”<\/p>\n
SA\u00dc Balkan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (SABAMER) M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Dr. Samet \u00c7akmaker, AA muhabirine, Balkanlar\u0131n tarih boyunca cazibe merkezi oldu\u011funu, bu durumun dezavantajlar\u0131 da beraberinde getirebildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Cazibe merkezlerinin ayn\u0131 zamanda tarih boyunca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma merkezleri oldu\u011funu belirten \u00c7akmaker, “Sava\u015flar\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck insan kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezlerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Balkanlar da cazibe merkezi olmas\u0131n\u0131n bedelini tarih boyunca bahsetti\u011fimiz trajedilere fazlas\u0131yla sahne olarak \u00f6demi\u015f co\u011frafyad\u0131r.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Toplumlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 trajedilerin sadece tarih kitaplar\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda edebiyata da yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan \u00c7akmaker, “Bahsetti\u011fimiz yans\u0131ma sadece kurgusal olarak bize bir yerlerde bir \u015feyler olmu\u015f izlenimi vermekten \u00e7ok daha \u00f6teye gidiyor. Bazen tarihin sustu\u011fu anlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilerek karanl\u0131kta b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hadiseleri, olaylar\u0131, durumlar\u0131, hisleri biz edebi eserler \u00fczerinden okuyoruz.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u00c7akmaker, m\u00fcbadele sonras\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyon insan\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal hadise oldu\u011funu ancak konuyla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili \u00e7ok az roman yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirerek, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti: <\/p>\n
“Bu hadisenin de edebi eserlere yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck fakat g\u00f6rd\u00fck ki hen\u00fcz yans\u0131mam\u0131\u015f. \u00d6zellikle 2000 sonras\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f romanlarda bu temaya odaklan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yani aradan kabataslak 80 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra do\u011frudan bu konuyu ele alan eserlerin say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu tarihsel hadiselerin seyir s\u00fcreciyle ilgili ge\u00e7mi\u015f bilgilerimizi yoklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ok da \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131lacak durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131ktan bir s\u00fcre sonra sessiz kal\u0131rlar ve bu sessizlik s\u00fcreci toplumlar\u0131n tarihine k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belki k\u0131sa s\u00fcredir ama insan \u00f6mr\u00fcne k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcredir.”<\/p>\n
“Cumhuriyet’in uluslararas\u0131 ticaretini canland\u0131rd\u0131lar”<\/p>\n
SA\u00dc \u0130nsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Burak \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r da Anadolu’daki Rum Ortodokslar\u0131n Yunanistan’a, Yunanistan’da yerle\u015fik haldeki ortalama 400-500 bin civar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman’\u0131n Anadolu’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi\u011fini an\u0131msatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131t\u0131r, g\u00f6\u00e7 eden n\u00fcfusun belirlenme s\u00fcrecinde d\u00f6nemin y\u00f6neticilerinin, Anadolu’daki n\u00fcfusu daha nitelikli hale getirmek, hem tar\u0131m hem de uluslararas\u0131 ticarette etkinle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla \u00f6zellikle uluslararas\u0131 ticarete yatk\u0131n, modern tar\u0131m\u0131 daha iyi bilen n\u00fcfusun oldu\u011fu bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinden m\u00fcbadele s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Demir yolu \u00fczerinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesinin \u00f6zellikle Anadolu’nun bat\u0131 ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine de\u011finen \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r, “(\u0130zmit m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131) Buran\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesinde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olmas\u0131. Anadolu’nun i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru art\u0131k Sakarya gibi yerlere gelindi\u011finde n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesinin son duraklar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131t\u0131r, deniz yoluyla \u0130zmit’e getirilmi\u015f olan m\u00fcbadillerin 2-3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde evrak i\u015flemlerinin ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilecekleri yerlerin belirlendi\u011fini, Sakarya \u00fczerinden Adapazar\u0131, Akyaz\u0131, Hendek, S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc, Geyve ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Serdivan b\u00f6lgesine demir yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Serdivan’a yerle\u015fmi\u015f m\u00fcbadillerin yanlar\u0131nda getirdikleri ravika inciri, doktor \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc ve Avdira dutu tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ektiklerini ve \u00fcr\u00fcnleri zaman i\u00e7erisinde ticari hayata ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131na i\u015faret ederek, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: <\/p>\n
“M\u00fcbadillerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi asl\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 ticarete yatk\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden gelmeleri. Balkan co\u011frafyas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131m gelirlerini elde etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu yerlerdir ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de asl\u0131nda limanlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 ticarete dahil ediyorlard\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen ticari k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de vard\u0131. Bu ki\u015filer, geldikleri b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretmi\u015f ve tar\u0131m aletlerini kullanm\u0131\u015f, uluslararas\u0131 ticaretteki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak da asl\u0131nda yeni Cumhuriyet’in uluslararas\u0131 ticaretine eklenmi\u015f ve bu ticari hayat\u0131 canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.”<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u0131t\u0131r, Yunanistan’a g\u00f6nderilen Rum Ortodoks n\u00fcfustan kalan baz\u0131 arsalar\u0131n ve evlerin, harabe halde oldu\u011funu, devletin, m\u00fcbadillerin yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in k\u00f6y, cami ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri alanlar\u0131 in\u015fa etti\u011fini anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sakarya’ya gelen m\u00fcbadillerin \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na da de\u011finen \u00c7\u0131t\u0131r, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu: <\/p>\n
“Serdivan \u00f6zelinde da\u011f k\u00f6y\u00fc in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Burada ortalama 400 haneye kadar yerle\u015fim yeri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ancak m\u00fcbadillerin Sakarya \u00fczerinde yerle\u015fmelerinde baz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6zellikle oval\u0131k alanda yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle baz\u0131 m\u00fcbadillerin Manisa Akhisar civar\u0131na, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da Hendek b\u00f6lgesine gittiklerini g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda asl\u0131nda Sakarya’n\u0131n, kent hayat\u0131na eklemlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00fcbadillerle geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesinin \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti, 27 bin 687 m\u00fcbadeleci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[339,1914,544,188,975],"class_list":["post-8229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-nufus","tag-sakarya","tag-sure","tag-tarih","tag-uluslararasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8229"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8231,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8229\/revisions\/8231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bihavadis.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}